Use of PCR Technique in Early Diagnosis of HIV Exposed Infants in Abuja, Nigeria

Background and Objective: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease is a major global health problem and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The study aimed at carrying out early diagnosis of HIV infection using polymerase chain reaction technique on HIV-exposed infants to establish the incidence of infection and risk factors. The PCR is a sensitive and specific tool for the detection of HIV in infants exposed to the virus and is essential for appropriate management and prevention of HIV transmission. Materials and Methods: This study involved 163 children born to HIV-infected mothers at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Records included antiretroviral drug usage, birth date, sex, delivery mode, breastfeeding, age and PCR DNA test results. Blood was collected from the heel, big toe and left ring finger. Results: The study found that 43.3% of HIV-exposed infants tested positive, with 68.7% negative. The majority were on artificial milk, with 46.6% on breast milk. The study also found a significant difference in positive results, with 24 out of 72 males and 30 out of 91 females testing positive. Conclusion: This research examines the potential for using PCR to improve the early diagnosis of HIV in infants. It also explains how PCR techniques are used in the diagnosis and management of HIV in infants and discusses the challenges associated with using PCR in HIV-exposed infants.