Pharmacology and Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials of Myrtus communis L. Fruits Grown in Oman

Background and Objective: Myrtus communis L. is a plant used in traditional medicine worldwide. Since many ages ago, this herb's berries have all been widely utilized as a traditional medicine to treat conditions like peptic ulcers, diarrhea, haemorrhoids, inflammation and skin diseases. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the antiulcer, antidiabetic enzymatic inhibition, antibacterial and antioxidant actions of different polarity extracts of fruits of Myrtus communis L. Materials and Methods: Methanol (crude extract) and its fractions (n-hexane (MCFH), dichloromethane (MCFD), ethyl acetate (MCFE), butanol (MCFB) and aqueous (MCFA)) from fruits of Myrtus communis L. were produced and assessed for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, α-glucosidase and antiulcer in vitro bioassays. All of the fractions were tested using a brine shrimp lethality assay to determine their cytotoxic effects. Results: The examined samples demonstrated a sizable capacity to fend off the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The MCFB determined the best antibacterial activity of the five extracts, with an average inhibitions zone of 9.3 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 6.75 mm against Escherichia coli. The MCFA extract displayed the second-highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with an average inhibition zone of 9.5 mm, while MCFH had the least amount of activity against the bacteria that were tested. In the anti-alpha glucosidase activity, MCFE was the best with IC₅₀ of 20.04±0.38 μg mL^–1 and the unease inhibition was best seen with the MCFA and MCFB extracts with IC₅₀ values of 146.87±1.39 and 194.97±1.68 μg mL^–1, respectively. All extracts showed no significant cytotoxic activity. Conclusion: Therefore, all tested samples, especially MCFE and MCFB extracts, were assumed to have significant capacities for the studied activities.